Zombie firms and low inflation in Europe
Acharya and al. use granular inflation and firm level data for a sample of 1.1 million firms from 11 European countries across 65 industries and find that cheap credit to zombie firms has a disinflationary effect because:
- As default of zombie firms decreases;
- Production capacity increases putting downward pressure on markups and product prices.
Their results results are stronger for prices of non-tradable products, which are more affected by local credit markets.

Zombie Credit and (Dis-)Inflation: Evidence from Europe
Authors: Viral V. Acharya, Matteo Crosignani, Tim Eisert, Christian Eufinger
From: NYU Stern, Michigan Ross, Erasmus Rotterdam, IESE
How to resolve the zombie firm problem
Using a data set which covers 11 European countries, from 2001 to 2014, Andrews and Petroulakis find that banks cannot lend to healthy firms because either balance sheets are weakened due to zombie exposure , or there is reduced borrowing capacity because zombie congestion has reduced industry profitability and thus the returns on potential projects of healthy firms. How to resolve the zombie firm problem?
- Efficient insolvency policies; and
- Healthier banks.
Breaking the Shackles: Zombie Firms, Weak Banks and Depressed Restructuring in Europe
Authors: Dan Andrews, Filippos Petroulakis
From: OECD, European Central Bank