Rethinking the definition of a monopoly
A company exhibits anti-competitive behavior if it takes actions that block actual or potential competitors. But today’s tech giants rely on “network effects” which make it hard for newcomers to build their own critical mass of users, effectively acting as anti-competitive barriers. At the same time “network effects” also create significant efficiencies.
Network Effects, Big Data, and Antitrust Issues For Big Tech
By: Timothy Taylor – Journal of Economic Perspectives
Some info on the tech giants in the US


Amazon


Apple


Some info on employment at the tech companies


Two short reads
Are Google and Facebook Monopolies?
By: Luigi Zingales, Tyler Cowen – University of Chicago, George Mason University
Are monopolies a danger to the United States?
By: Sophie Guilloux-Nefussi – Banque de France