Can we find shared values between humans and robots?
A rigid set of values instilled by design led to an ethical predicament in the case of autonomous vehicles (Schoettle and Sivak, 2014). Should an autonomous vehicle for instance, when faced with an unavoidable collision with another car sacrifice the one passenger inside in order to save the other three passengers from the other car? 34.2{5e7f07e14add20b2e04f4edb85a447d3cd8121fc27b809645e9fed603c22cc5c} of people interviewed agreed to selfsacrifice but stated they would not buy an autonomous vehicle, despite the low probability of car crash and the increased rate of lives saved. The value of the individual life versus the greater good for the greater number generates a complex dilemma related to “Should a Driverless Car Decide Who Lives or Dies?” and the answer does not lie in the market (Naughton, 2015; Wallach, 2014).
Ethical Artificial Intelligence – An Open Question
Authors: Alice Pavaloiu, Utku Kose
From: Paris School of Business, Usak University
The paperclip apocalypse!
The paperclip apolcalypse arises when a superintelligent AI with a simple goal (ie., producing paperclips) accumulates power so that all resources are devoted towards that goal and are unavailable for any other use. To correct for this “flaw” AI needs to be self-regulating but this creates a dilemma:
If AIs are self-regulating, what will happen? The answer is those AIs will remain powerless – in the sense of being unable to appropriate resources from others. Therefore, all resources they accumulate will come through voluntary trade.
Self-Regulating Artificial General Intelligence
Author: Joshua S. Gans
From: University of Toronto
The irreplaceable human consciousness!
An AI system has predicted the outcomes of hundreds of cases at the European Court of Human Rights, forecasting verdicts with accuracy of 79{5e7f07e14add20b2e04f4edb85a447d3cd8121fc27b809645e9fed603c22cc5c}; and once that accuracy gets yet higher it will be tempting to use AI also to reach decisions. Use of AI in court proceedings might help generate access to legal advice to the poor (one of the projects Amnesty pursues, especially in India); but it might also lead to Kafkaesque situations if algorithms give inscrutable advice.
Human Rights and Artificial Intelligence: An Urgently Needed Agenda
Author: Matthias Risse
From: Harvard Kennedy School
