Interesting point: This research by Dustmann and al. shows that in most European countries the position of the main political parties did not become markedly anti-EU, it’s the voters who did.


Populism and trust in Europe
By: Christian Dustmann, Barry Eichengreen, Sebastian Otten, André Sapir, Guido Tabellini, Gylfi Zoega
Can history explain persistence of right-wing ideology in Germany? In this paper Cantoni and al. find that municipalities that voted more for the AfD after 2015 also exhibited higher support for the Nazi party in the 1920s and 30s.
Persistence and Activation of Right-Wing Political Ideology
Authors: Davide Cantoni, Felix Hagemeister, Mark Westcott
From:Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munich
Did expansionary monetary policies contribute to political discontent among major parts of the population in the industrialized countries?
Asymmetric Monetary Policy and Acceptance of the Economic Order
Authors: Pablo Duarte, Gunther Schnabl
From:University of Leipzig
A group of prominent French and German economists has the following three suggestions in order for Europe to move forward: a) Facilitate euro-area risk-sharing through non-fiscal and non-monetary instruments; b) address the large continued exposure of banks to their national sovereigns; and c) Germany needs to accept the idea of risk-sharing and France the idea of market discipline.
Op-ed of Franco-German Economist Group on EMU reforms
By: Marcel Fratzscher – DIW